Cov hnab khib nyiab yog ib yam khoom loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muag ntim khoom lag luam. Lub koom haum European Association of Plastic Recycling Organizations kwv yees tias ntau tshaj 8 lab tonnes ntawm polyethylene zaj duab xis yog siv nyob rau hauv tsev neeg thiab coj mus muag pov tseg nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe ib leeg txhua xyoo. Kev noj haus thoob ntiaj teb yog ntau dua. Ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv no, muaj cov cuab yeej hloov pauv tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib lub tshuab uas muab cov yob txuas ntxiv ntawm polyethylene zaj duab xis rau hauv lub kaw lus, perforated, thiab cov tub ntxhais- cov hnab ntim thiab thauj lawv mus rau hauv cov khoom hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam. Yuav kom nkag siab tias lub hnab khib nyiab ua tshuab yog dab tsi thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas, peb yuav tsum nkag siab tias zaj duab xis extrusion, precision sealing, tswj folding thiab tsis siv neeg winding ua haujlwm ua ke. Cov khoom no txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab.
Txhais cov cuab yeej
A Lub hnab khib nyiab ua tshuabyog ib tug downstream conversion system. Nws yog pub los ntawm pre-extruded polyethylene zaj duab xis. Zaj duab xis no tuaj yeem yog ib txheej tshuab tshuab lossis ntau- txheej tshuab tshuab. Los yog nws tuaj yeem yog lub vaj huam sib luag tiaj tus uas xav tau folding. Lub tshuab ces khiav cov yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm ntau cov kauj ruam. Cov kauj ruam no suav nrog sealing, perforation, txiav thiab winding. Cov khoom kawg yog tiav lub hnab, npaj tau ntim thiab xa tawm. Lub tshuab nws tus kheej tsis ua zaj duab xis. Txoj hauj lwm ntawd belongs rau lub tshuab cua tshuab extrusion kab ntau lawm kab. Es tsis txhob, lub tshuab yog structurally hloov. Nws tsim ib lub hnab ntim hauv qab. Nws tso cai rau cov kab perforation kom cov neeg siv tuaj yeem rhuav ib lub hnab los ntawm yob. Nws tsim lub hnub qub- zoo li lub foob lossis lub foob tiaj tus, uas txiav txim siab seb lub hnab qhib thiab hnyav npaum li cas nws tuav tau.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab lub hnab yog txoj kev ua haujlwm. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) muaj tus qauv hu ua D1709 rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm polyethylene zaj duab xis. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv no, daim nyias nyias thiab lub hnab hloov dua siab tshiab yog ntsuas raws li ob yam sib txawv. Zaj duab xis cov khoom siv thiab lub hnab ntim cov qauv geometry cuam tshuam rau cov khoom ntawm zaj duab xis. Lub hnab khib nyiab ua tshuab tsis hloov cov yeeb yaj kiab cov khoom siv. Tab sis nws cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm ntawm lub hnab mus rau qhov loj. Nws yog tiav los ntawm kev tswj cov geometry, folding thiab txiav precision ntawm lub foob.
Cov theem ua haujlwm tseem ceeb
Theem 1: Zaj duab xis Unwinding thiab Tension Control
Cov txheej txheem pib nrog ib yob ntawm tubular los yog ca zaj duab xis. Lub scroll yog mounted ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob coiling. Zaj duab xis yob siv hauv kev tsim cov hnab khib nyiab feem ntau hnyav ntawm 200 thiab 500 kg. Lawv tuaj yeem yog 1,000-1,500 millimeters dav. Lub unwinder yuav tsum xa cov zaj duab xis mus rau downstream sealing chaw nres tsheb nrog tswj nruj. Rau qhov tsawg-density polyethylene (LDPE), qhov nro feem ntau yog 15 thiab 40 Newtons. Yog tias qhov nro siab dhau lawm, zaj duab xis yuav ncab thiab nqaim. Qhov no yog hu ua neckline. Yog tias qhov nro qis dhau lawm, zaj duab xis yuav wrinkle thiab lub foob yuav dislocate.
Lub Koom Haum ntawm Plastics Engineers (SPE) muaj kev siv tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov yeeb yaj kiab polyolefin. Nws hais tias kev tswj nruj yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb rau ± N. uas yuav tsum tau ua kom cov yeeb yaj kiab loj ruaj khov. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm 10-25 μm, uas muaj ntau hauv cov hnab khib nyiab hauv tsev. Cov tshuab niaj hnub no yog siv los ntawm kev kaw- lub voj voog tawm tswv yim raws li cov khoom thauj. Dancer rollers lossis load cells ntsuas qhov web nro ntawm 50 thiab 100 zaug ib ob. Lub servo tsav uncoiling tshuab tom qab ntawd hloov nws qhov nrawm kom tswj tau qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa. Thaum cov yeeb yaj kiab khiav tawm, lub yob txoj kab uas hla shrinks thiab lub caj npab luv luv. Yog li tus maub los cia li tsa qhov nrawm proportionally. Qhov no ua rau cov linear nro tas li.
Theem 2: Gusset Folding thiab Centering
Yog hais tias cov yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yog tiaj tus es tsis yog ua ntej -intubated, nws yuav tsum muab tais rau hauv ib lub raj ntawm qhov no. Ob sab folding panels yuav ua haujlwm. Cov no yog cov hlau ua zoo los yog siab -cov ntawv polyethylene ntom ntom. Lawv tsim inward gusset folds. Cov folds nqaim lub tiaj tiaj thiab tseem tso cai rau koj pom sab creases ntawm lub hnab tiav. Rau ua ntej-tubed zaj duab xis, cov kauj ruam no tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Txawm li cas los xij, zaj duab xis mus txog ntu ntu. Tshooj lus no ua kom ntseeg tau tias ob lub gussets muaj qhov tob tib yam ua ntej zaj duab xis nkag mus rau qhov chaw sib khi.
Theguide rail system siv ultrasonic lossis optical sensors. Cov sensors tuaj yeem pom qhov twg zaj duab xis sab laug thiab sab xis. Lawv ces calibrated nws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub steering ncej ntawm lub unwinder. Txawm tias qhov sib txawv ntawm 2 hli tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem. Lub foob hauv qab yuav sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov no ua rau lub foob margins ntawm lub hnab tsis sib xws. Cov hnab no yuav tawg thaum lawv puv. TAPPI yog lub koom haum kev lag luam rau kev lag luam pulp thiab ntawv. Nws Txoj Haujlwm Hloov Hloov kuj suav nrog kev hloov pauv zaj duab xis polymer. TAPPI tau qhia tias ntug kev taw qhia qhov tseeb ± 0.5 hli yog tus qauv rau siab -cov khoom ntim ceev tshaj 200 laps ib feeb.
Theem 3: Hauv qab sealing
Lub foob hauv qab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub hnab khib nyiab. Nws yuav tsum nruj txaus kom tsis txhob ntub cov khib nyiab los ntawm kev tawm. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum muaj zog txaus los tuav qhov hnyav ntawm lub hnab ntim puv thaum lub hnab rub los ntawm nws cov hlua los yog sab saud.
Muaj peb lub ntsiab foob zoo li:
Flat (los yog ncaj) foob. Nws yog kab rov tav cua sov foob hla qhov dav ntawm lub hnab. Qhov no yog txoj kev yooj yim thiab ceev tshaj plaws. Tab sis nws tso siab rau ntawm cov npoo ntawm daim nyias nyias. Lub kaum ntse ntse nruab nrab ntawm cov hlaws tuab thiab zaj duab xis yuav tawg nyob rau hauv load. Kev tshawb fawb luam tawm los ntawm Society of Plastics Engineers nyob rau hauv nws ANTEC Conference Proceedings qhia tias lub hnab tawg yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 65 thiab 75 feem pua ntawm lub hnub qub pob peev xwm. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub foob ntug ntug.
Star seal (los yog seam seal). Cov gusset folds qhib rau hauv qab. Zaj duab xis yog sau nyob rau hauv asterisks los yog asterisk qauv. Tom qab ntawd ib lub voj voog los yog nkhaus welds tag nrho cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tib lub sijhawm. Qhov no nthuav tawm lub siab ntawm ntau qhov nkhaus, tsis yog ob lub ces kaum. Nws kuj tau tshem ntawm cov hnab ris slit uas ntes cov kua hauv lub tiaj tiaj tsim. United Teb Chaws Asmeskas. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tshawb fawb cov khoom pov tseg hauv nroog. Nws hais tias lub hnub qub - kaw cov qauv yog lub ntsiab zoo ntawm cov hnab khib nyiab hnyav vim nws tiv thaiv cov xau thiab sib npaug ntawm kev txhawb nqa.
C Fold (los yog tiaj- hauv qab) foob. Qhov no yog hybrid tsim. Hauv qab yog tiaj tiaj tab sis muaj ob npaug rau ua kom lub hauv paus gusseted. Qhov no muab ib tug ca hauv qab rau lub hnab, sawv nyob rau hauv lub bin. Tab sis nws yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw sib khi ntau dua nrog ob qhov sib txuas sib txuas uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov sib txawv me ntsis.
Lub sealing mechanism txais cov pas nrig kub lossis rab riam tig. Tsawg ntom polyethylene (LDPE) yog khaws cia ntawm 160-200℃C. Qhov ntsuas kub yog nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas zaj duab xis, resin yaj Performance index thiab linear tshaj tawm. foob bar presses zaj duab xis rau silicone roj hmab thaub qab cov menyuam rau ib tug ruaj nyob ntawm 0.15-0.4 vib nas this. Lub koom haum International rau Standardization (ISO) muaj ISO 11607-2 rau qhov kawg-ntawm-lub neej sterile ntim. Cov qauv no yuav tsum tau siv rau kev sim ntawm nws qhov sealingstrength. Nws hais tias cov yeeb yaj kiab polyethylene yuav tsum muaj lub zog foob thermal ntau dua 5N ib 25 hli ntawm qhov dav dav. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm Lub Hnab Khib Nyiab Ua Tshuab los ntawm kev khaws cia kub sib txawv hauv ± 5℃thoob plaws qhov dav. Qhov kev kam rau siab no yuav tsum tau muab cov thermocouples embedded rau txhua txhua 50 mm.
Theem 4: Perforation thiab txiav
Thaum lub foob hauv qab ua tiav, zaj duab xis txav mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb perforation. Ntawm no, ib tug spinning riam los yog taag hniav tsim ib tug dotted kab. Cov kab no tso cai rau cov neeg siv los rhuav ib lub hnab los ntawm scrolls. Lub perforation yuav tsum sib sib zog nqus txaus rau ib tug neeg los rhuav nws qhib ntawm tes. Raws li ASTM D1922, qhov no feem ntau yuav tsum tau tsim kua muag quab yuam ntawm 3 -8 N los txhim kho kua muag. Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem sib sib zog nqus kom lub hnab tuaj yeem rub tau qhib thaum lub sij hawm winding, thauj lossis siv.
Qhov kev txiav uas cais ib lub hnab los ntawm lwm lub hnab yog ua rau tib lub sijhawm thaum lub hnab ntim tom ntej yog kaw. Los yog txoj cai tom qab lub foob. Yog li ntawd, txhua lub voj voog sealing yog ib lub hnab ua tiav. Txiav hniav feem ntau yog tig riam ncig. Nws yog ua los ntawm siab - steel ceev los yog tungsten carbide. Cov hniav ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov rooj rau cov menyuam uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm 0.02 -0.05 hli. Phau ntawv Journal of Applied Polymer Science yog luam tawm los ntawm Wiley Press. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov ntse ntawm cov hniav ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev huv ntawm kev txiav. Ib rab riam nrog lub vojvoog tsawg dua 2 μm raug txiav kom huv. Qhov kev txiav meej no tsis tso cov kua muag me ntsis rau ntawm zaj duab xis. Tab sis cov hniav nrog lub vojvoog ntau dua 5 microns muaj cov npoo ntxhib. Thaum lub hnab ntim khoom, lub ntug ntxhib no tsim rau hauv lub foob tsis ua haujlwm.
Kauj Ruam 5: Folding thiab Core Winding
Cov hnab ntim tiav yog qhwv ib ncig ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom rau cov khoom ntim khoom. Sab hauv txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov cores no feem ntau yog 38 hli lossis 76 hli. Qhov chaw nres tsheb winding yuav tsum quav lub hnab ntaub hauv ib qho qauv. Cov qauv feem ntau yog C lossis trifold. Qhov folding no ua rau cov menyuam me hauv txoj kab uas hla. Nws kuj ua rau ib tus neeg lub hnab tawm huv si thaum rub tawm.
Lub hnab khib nyiab ua tshuab txais folding board. Lub rooj zaum zaum saum lub tshuab winding. Nws tsim cov qauv yuav tsum tau quav, thaum zaj duab xis yog tswj nro. Lub winder yog lub hauv paus tsav tsheb. Lub core rotates ntawm ib tug motorized ncej. Raws li txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov menyuam nce, qhov nro txo. Qhov no tiv thaiv cov txheej sab hauv los ntawm kev sib tsoo los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm txheej txheej. Qhov kev tswj nruj nruj no tseem ceeb heev. Flexible winding films kuj tau them los ntawm Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem ntawm Lub Koom Haum ntawm Nonwoven Fabrics Industry (INDA). INDA hais tias ib qho 30 30 - 50 feem pua yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov kawg winding nro yog 30-50% ntawm qhov pib nro. Cov kev sib piv no tiv thaiv kev nthuav dav ntawm yob thiab deformation ntawm cov tub ntxhais nyob rau hauv ib lub yob multilayer.
Rau cov hnab ntim ntawv, qhov no yog lub hnab ntim nyias nyias, tsis yog yob, nrog txoj kev sib txawv. Txoj kev ceg tawm tom qab qhov chaw txiav. Ib tug stacker sau thiab suav cov hnab. Lub nplaub tshev ces siv qhov kawg folding hom. Tom qab ntawd, muab lub hnab ntim rau hauv lub thawv.
Drawtape kev koom ua ke
Ntau lub hnab khib nyiab hauv tsev muaj cov khoom tshem tawm. Qhov no yog ib daim kab xev nqaim, feem ntau yog 6 -10 hli dav. Nws khiav raws ntug sab saum toj ntawm lub hnab, sticking tawm hauv knots ntawm ob sab. Ntxiv cov duab kos rau hauv lub hnab khib nyiab yuav tsum muaj ob qho ntxiv. Thawj yog daim kab xev extruder lossis daim kab xev txiav module. Qhov no ua rau lub drawtape reel los ntawm ob zaj duab xis. Qhov thib ob yog qhov chaw nres tsheb sib txuas. Qhov no kub welded los yog ultrasonic nplaum daim kab xev muaj ib sab saum toj thiab hauv qab hem nyob rau hauv lub sealing voj voog.
Txoj kev sib txuas ultrasonic yog ua ntau dua. Nws tsis xav tau adhesives. Qhov no zam qhov kub thiab txias - teeb meem rhiab heev. Lub koom haum Edison Welding Institute (EWI) yog cov ntaub ntawv ywj pheej koom nrog pab pawg tshawb fawb. EWI tau tshaj tawm txoj kev tshawb fawb txog qhov no. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias ultrasonic tev lub zog muaj zog ntawm polyethylene drawtapes yog 12 - 18 N / 25 mm. Qhov no yog siab dua 8N qhov pib xav tau rau kev kaw lub hnab kom ntseeg tau. Nws siv 60 feem pua tsawg zog dua thermal bonding ntawm tib connector.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom thiab kev ruaj ntseg
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hnab khib nyiab yog qhov ntom ntom polyethylene (LDPE) lossis linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). High density polyethylene (HDPE) yog siv los ua cov hnab nyias nyias, pheej yig dua. Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tshuaj European (ECHA) ua haujlwm raws li kev cai REACH. Nws saib xyuas cov khoom siv ntxiv hauv cov yas, xws li aserucamide, silica thiab cov xim (carbon dub rau cov hnab dub thiab titanium dawb rau cov hnab dawb). Cov cai tshiab tau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau cov ntsiab lus tom qab -cov neeg siv khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab (PCR). Kev Tswjhwm Ntim thiab Ntim Cov Khoom Siv Khib Nyiab tau teeb tsa lub hom phiaj rov ua dua ntawm 35 feem pua rau cov ntim yas los ntawm 2030. Qhov no ncaj qha hloov cov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab txoj kev siv tshuab.
Lub Hnab Khib Nyiab Ua Tshuab yuav tsum tuaj yeem hloov mus rau cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm PCR sib xyaw. Piv nrog rau cov resin tshiab, cov khoom siv rov ua dua polyethylene muaj qhov hnyav dua molecular ntau yam thiab ntau dua melt flow variation. Qhov no ua rau me me zaj duab xis thickness thiab ntau gel hais. Cov no yog cov specks ntawm unmelted resin specks uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem foob. Cov kev hloov hauv lub tshuab suav nrog qhov ntsuas kub me ntsis ntawm ib puag ncig + 5-10℃. Lub sijhawm nres ntev dua ntawm ib puag ncig +0.05 vib nas this kuj suav nrog. Lawv yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas cov hniav ntau zaus los daws cov av abrasive hauv PCR films.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo thiab Kev Xeem
Cov pob tiav tiav yuav raug kuaj xyuas tus qauv los kuaj nws qhov kev ua tau zoo. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Poob xeem (ASTM D5276). Ib lub hnab hnyav poob los ntawm qhov siab. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev raug pov rau hauv ib lub thoob los yog hauv. Lub hnub qub- zoo li lub hnab feem ntau muaj sia nyob ntawm 1.2 txog 1.5 meters nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 5kg. Nyob rau hauv tib lub load, lub tiaj tus - pob yuav poob ntawm 0.8–1.0 m.
Foob lub zog (ASTMF88). Qhov no yog kev kuaj tev ntawm lub foob hauv qab. Nws ntsuas lub zog xav tau los rhuav tshem lub foob. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi rau cov hnab yas hauv tsev yog 5 N / 25 mm. Tus nqi ntawm cov neeg cog lus hnyav yog 12 N / 25 mm.
Puncture kuj (ASTM D4833). Qhov no ntsuas lub zog yuav tsum tau tho cov zaj duab xis nrog lub khob hliav qab. Nws simulates kev sib cuag nrog cov khib nyiab ntse. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 15 - 25 μm LDPE zaj duab xis yog 5-15 N.
Lub International Trade Center (ITC) yog ib lub koom haum koom tes ntawm United Nations thiab World Trade Organization. ITC tau suav nrog cov kev sim no hauv nws phau ntawv qhia kev yuav khoom rau cov khoom siv pov tseg. Cov lus qhia no muaj rau cov neeg yuav khoom hauv nroog thiab cov chaw haujlwm. Qhov no ua kom lub tshuab- ua lub hnab ua tau raws li cov qauv kev cog lus ua ntej xa khoom.
Xaus
Lub Hnab Khib Nyiab Ua Tshuab yog ntau -theem converting system. Nws txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog ua kom cov yeeb yaj kiab polyethylene txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv lub hnab ntim, perforated, thiab lub hnab ntim. Txoj hauj lwm no nyob ntawm qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov nro, creases, thermal seals, perforation txiav thiab curling ntawm cov duab geometric. Lub tshuab kev ua tau zoo tsis yog ntsuas los ntawm kev ceev ntawm ntau lawm, tus qauv teeb tsa feem ntau yog 150-250 cycles ib feeb. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm cov qauv tsim lub zog ntawm lub hnab ua. Lub zog no nyob ntawm qhov kub tsis sib xws ntawm lub foob, hniav sharpness, perforation qhov tob thiab kev faib tawm ntawm kev ntxhov siab thoob plaws hauv cov qauv foob. Nrog rau cov kev cai tshiab, cov neeg hloov pauv yuav hloov mus rau cov yeeb yaj kiab rov ua dua tshiab, cov txheej txheem khib nyiab yuav xav tau ntau hom hnab thiab tshuab muaj peev xwm los tuav cov khoom sib txawv thaum tswj kev sib khi thiab txiav zoo yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau ntxiv rau lawv cov nqi tsim khoom.
Cov ntaub ntawv
- European Association of Plastics Recycling and Recovery Organizations (EPRO).European Plastics Recycling Market Statistics thiab Material Flow Analysis.
- ASTM International.ASTM D1709 - Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Dalling Dart Method.
- Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE).Technical Reference ntawm Polyolefin Film ProcessingthiabANTEC Conference Proceedings - Seal Geometry thiab Load Performance nyob rau hauv cov hnab khib nyiab.
- TAPPI Converting Division.Cov txheej txheem qhia txog kev hloov pauv zaj duab xis hloov tau yooj yim.
- US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Nroog Hauv Nroog - Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ntim thiab Thawv.
- ISO 11607-2: 2019Ntim rau cov khoom siv kho mob kom tsis muaj menyuam - Ntu 2: Cov txheej txheem tsim nyog rau kev tsim, sib khi thiab sib dhos.
- Wiley -Phau ntawv Journal of Applied Polymer Science- Hniav Ntug Geometry thiab Txiav Zoo hauv Polyethylene Film Converting.
- INDA - Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry.Technical Standards rau Flexible Film Winding thiab Core Management.
- Edison Welding Institute (EWI).Ultrasonic Bonding ntawm Polyethylene Zaj duab xis Joints - Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Zog thiab Zog.
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).REACH Txoj Cai - Kev Saib Xyuas Ntxiv rau Polyolefin Film Formulations.
- ASTM International.ASTM D5276 - Standard Test Method for drop Test of Loaded Containers; ASTM F88 - Standard Test Method for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier Materials; ASTM D4833 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Geotextile to Puncture.
- International Trade Center (ITC) / WTO.Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Ua Haujlwm rau Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Khoom Siv pov tseg.
